DEMPSEY, Patrick; ZHANG, Jie. Re-examining the Construct Validity and Causal Relationships of Teaching, Cognitive and Social Presence in Community of Inquiry Framework. Online Learning, Boston, MA, v. 23, n. 1, 2019. DOI: 10.24059/olj.v23i1.1419. Disponível em: https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/1419. Acesso em: 2 apr. 2026.