Reyes-Fournier, Elizabeth, Edward J. Cumella, Michelle March, Jennifer Pedersen, and Gabrielle Blackman. “Development and Validation of the Purdue Global Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale”. Online Learning 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2020). Accessed April 9, 2026. https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/2071.