IS “AS GOOD AS FACE-TO-FACE” AS GOOD AS IT GETS?

Authors

  • Jeannette McDonald

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v6i2.1866

Keywords:

Guidelines, Methods, Evaluation, Theories

Abstract

We are constantly being asked to compare distance education to traditional education. But by striving to make distance education “as good as” face-to-face education what are we overlooking or sacrificing? In this paper we explore these issues by first reviewing background information from the literature about new teaching theories, methods and technology. We’ll also look at the impact of online learning and whether it can support, or even expand, the new teaching theories and strategies, based on research. We’ll then get a general overview of quality distance education principles and guidelines currently in use, finally addressing the question of whether our evaluation methods and questions serve to free or limit the potential of online learning, perpetuating “doing things differently or doing different things”.

References

Thornburg, D.D. Education in the Communication Age. San Carlo, CA: Starsong Publications, 1994.

Ehrmann, S.C. 1999. Access and/or Quality? Redefining Choices in the Third Revolution. The Educom Review.

Russell, T.L. The No Significant Difference Phenomenon: A Comparative Research Annotated Bibliography on Technology for Distance Education. (Office of Instructional Telecommunications, NCSU Box 7401, Raleigh, NC 27695-7401). 1999. Examples can be seen at http://teleeducation.nb.ca/nosignificantdifference/.

Bourne, J.R., McMaster, E., Rieger, J., and Campbell, J.O. Paradigms for On-Line Learning: A case study in the design and implementation of an asynchronous learning networks (ALN) course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 1, (2) 38-56. August, 1997.

Institute for Higher Education Policy, National Education Association. Quality on the Line: Benchmarks for Success in Internet-Based Distance Education. April, 2000.

Dean, L. Telecomputer communication: The model for effective distance learning. ED Journal, 8(12), J-1-J-9, 1994.

Granger, D. Open universities. Change, 22, 44, 1990.

Piaget, J. To understand is to invent. New York: Grossman, 1973.

Wilson, B., Teslow, J., & Osman-Jouchoux, R. The impact of constructivism (and postmodernism) on ID fundamentals. In B. Seels (Ed.), Instructional design fundamentals: A review and reconsideration. (pp. 137-157). Englewood Cliffs NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1995.

Granger, D. Bridging distances to the individual learner. In Moore, M. (Ed.), Contemporary issues in American distance education. (pp. 163-171). London: Pergamon Press, 1997.

Kolb, D.A. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1984.

Mezirow, J. Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1991.

Bruner, J. The process of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1960.

Klemm, W.R. Using a formal collaborative learning paradigm for veterinary medical education. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 21, 2-6, 1994.

Tennant, M. Group dynamics and the group facilitator. In Psychology and the adult learner. (pp. 123-139). London & New York: Routledge, 1988.

McCreary, E. Three behavioral models for computer-mediated communication. In L. M. Harasim Ed., Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. (pp. 117-130). New York: Praeger, 1990.

Moore, M.G., Thompson, M.M., & Dirr, P. Report on the Second American Symposium on Research in Distance Education. University Park, PA: American Center for the Study of Distance Education, Pennsylvania State University, 1991.

Alaska University. Distance Education Teaching Tips at a Glance. Anchorage, AK, 1989.

Admundsen, C. The evaluation of theory in distance education. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education. Cornwall, U.K.: Rutledge, 1993.

Ahern, T.C., & Repman, J. The effects of technology on online education. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 26, 537-546, 1994.

Baird, M.A., & Monson, M.K. Distance education: Meeting diverse learners’ needs in a changing world. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (51), 65-75, 1992.

Seagren, A., & Watwood, B. The virtual classroom: Great expectations. Delivering graduate education by computer: A success story. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the National Community College Chair Academy. Phoenix, AZ: February, 1996.

Ruberg, L.F., & Sherman, T.M. Computer mediated communication: How does it change the social-psychological aspects of teaching and instruction? Information Analyses (070). Viewpoints, 1992.

Mason, R., & Kaye, A.R. Toward a new paradigm for distance education. In L. M. Harasim (Ed.), Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1990.

Garrison, D.R. Computer conferencing: the post industrial age of distance education. Open Learning, 3-11, 1997.

Jonassen, D., Davidson, M., Collins, M., Campbell, J., & Haag, B.B. Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7-26, 1995.

Harasim, L.M. Online education: An environment for collaboration and intellectual amplification. In L. M. Harasim (Ed.), Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1990.

Stacey, E. Learning collaboratively online. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Distance Education. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, June, 1997.

Jonassen, D. Computer-mediated communication: Connecting communities of learners. Computers in the Classroom. (pp. 158-182). Edgewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1996.

McComb, M. Augmenting a group discussion course with computer-mediated communication in a small college setting. Interpersonal Computing and Technology, 1(3), 1993.

Romiszowski, A.J., & Jost, K.L. Computer conferencing and the distance learner: Problems of structure and control. Proceedings of Helping Learners at a Distance: Annual Conference on Teaching at a Distance. (pp. 131-137). Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 1989.

Hartman, K., Neuwirth, C., Kiesler, S., Palmquist, M., & Zubrow, D. Patterns of social interaction and learning to write: Some effects of network technologies. In Z. Berge & M. Collins (Eds.), Computer mediated communication and the online classroom: Volume II: Higher education. (pp. 47-78). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., 1995.

Schrum, L. Social interaction through online writing. In R. Mason, Ed., Computer conferencing: The last word. (pp. 171-196). Victoria, B.C.: Beach Holme Publishers Limited. 1993.

Hiltz, S.R., Johnson, K., & Turoff, M. Experiments in group decision making: Communication process and outcome in face-to-face versus computerized conferences. Human Communication Research, 13, 225-252, 1986.

Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T.W. Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. American Psychologist, 39(10), 1123-1134, 1984.

Phillips, G.M., Santoro, G.M., & Kuehn, S.A. The use of computer-mediated communication in training students in group problem-solving and decision-making techniques. American Journal of Distance Education, 2, 38-51, 1988.

Turoff, M. Forward. In L. M. Harasim, Ed., Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1990.

Harasim, L.M., Hiltz, S.R., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1995.

Ross, J.A. Computer communication skills and participation in a computer-mediated conferencing course, 1996.

Rice, R.E., & Love, G. Electronic emotion: Socioemotional content in a computer-mediated communication network. Communication Research, 14(1), 85-108, 1987.

Siegel, J., Dubrovsky, V., Kiesler, S., & McGuire, T. Group processes in computer-mediated communication. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37, 157-187, 1986.

Chickering, A.W. & Ehrmann, S.C. Implementing the Seven Principles: Technology as Lever. American Association for Higher Education Bulletin, 3-6. October, 1996. Available: http://www.tltgroup.org/programs/seven.html.

Hillesheim, G. The Search for Quality Standards in Distance Learning. Distance Learning ’93: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning. Madison, WI. p. 165-171, 1998.

Ehrmann, S.C. Asking the Right Question: What does Research tell us about technology and higher learning?. Change, 17, (2) 20-27, March/April, 1995.

Johnstone, S.M. Quality Control in Electronic Delivery of Higher Education. Journal of Public Service and Outreach, 2 (3), 12-17, 1997. Available: http://www.wiche.edu/telecom/Article1.htm.

Gibson, T., & Gibson, C. QDE: Lessons Learned. Distance Education Clearinghouse. Online. 1996. Available: http://bluto.uwex.edu:80/disted/qde/factors.html.

Lezberg, A.K. Quality Control in Distance Education: The Role of Regional Accreditation. American Journal of Distance Education, 12, (2) 26-35, 1998.

Task Force of the American Council on Education and the Alliance: An Association for Alternative Programs for Adults. Guiding Principles for Distance Learning in a Learning Society. May, 1996.

Ehrmann, S. C. How (Not) to Evaluate a Grant-Funded Technology Project. In The Flashlight Evaluation Handbook. Washington, DC: TLT Group, 1997.

Rowntree, D. Assessing the Quality of Materials-Based Teaching and Learning. Open Learning. 12-22, June, 1998.

Daniel, J., & Marquis, C. Interaction and independence: getting the mixture right. Teaching at a Distance, 15, 25-44, 1979.

Eastmond, D.V. Alone but together: Adult distance study through computer conferencing. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 1995.

Fulford, C.P., & Zhang, S. Perceptions of interaction: The critical predictor in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 7(3), 8-21, 1993.

Garrison, D.R. A cognitive constructivist view of distance education: An analysis of teaching-learning assumptions. Distance Education, 14(2), 199-211, 1993.

Gellman-Danley, B. Who Sets the Standards? Accreditation and Distance Learning. New Directions for Community Colleges, 99, 73-82, Fall, 1997.

Holmberg, B. Growth and structure of distance education. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

Inglis, P. Distance teaching is dead! Long live distance learning! or “Autonomy in distance learning” ED 288007. 56th ANZAAS Conference. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University, 1987.

Johnstone, S.M. Balancing Quality and Access: Reducing State Policy Barriers to Electronically Delivered Higher Education. Change, 28, (2), 38-44, Mar/Apr. 1996.

Keegan, D. Foundations of distance education. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

Lenn, M.P. The New Technologies and Borderless Higher Education: the Quality Imperative. Higher Education in Europe, 23, (2), 241-251, 1998.

Mann, C.C. Quality assurance in distance education: The Surrey MA (TESOL) experience. Distance Education, 19, (1) 7-22, 1998.

Merisotis, J.P. & Phipps, R.A. What’s the Difference? Outcomes of Distance vs. Traditional Classroom-Based Learning. Change, 31, (3), 12-17, May/June 1999.

Verduin, J.R., Jr., & Clark, T.A. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.

Downloads

Published

2019-03-19

Issue

Section

Empirical Studies