Learner Engagement in Blended Learning Environments: A Conceptual Framework

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i2.1481

Keywords:

learner engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, blended learning, hybrid learning, theory, conceptual framework

Abstract

Learner engagement correlates with important educational outcomes, including academic achievement and satisfaction.  Although research is already exploring learner engagement in blended contexts, no theoretical framework guides inquiry or practice, and little consistency or specificity exists in engagement definitions and operationalizations.  Developing definitions, models, and measures of the factors that indicate learner engagement is important to establishing whether changes in instructional methods (facilitators) result in improved engagement (measured via indicators).  This article reviews the existing literature on learner engagement and identifies constructs most relevant to learning in general and blended learning in particular.  We present a possible conceptual framework for engagement that includes cognitive and emotional indicators, offering examples of research measuring these engagement indicators in technology-mediated learning contexts.  Finally, we suggest future studies to test the framework, which we believe can support advances in blended learning engagement research that is increasingly real-time, minimally intrusive, and maximally generalizable across subject matter contexts.

Author Biographies

Lisa R. Halverson, Brigham Young University

Lisa R. Halverson completed her Ph.D. in Instructional Psychology & Technology from Brigham Young University.  In addition to researching blended learning engagement, she has published on high-impact publications in blended learning research.  She adjuncts for BYU and for George Mason’s Blended and Online Learning in Schools Program.

Charles R. Graham, Brigham Young University

Charles R. Graham is a Professor at Brigham Young University who studies technology-mediated teaching and learning, with a focus on the design and evaluation of blended and online learning environments.  His current research publications can be found online at: https://sites.google.com/site/charlesrgraham/.

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2019-06-01

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