ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSION GROUPS IN TEACHER TRAINING CLASSES: PERCEPTIONS OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE STUDENTS

Authors

  • Sigrun Biesenbach-Lucas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v7i3.1843

Keywords:

Technology, Learning Effectiveness, Access, Discussion Boards, Asynchronous Discussion Groups, Computer-Mediated Communication, Student Perceptions, Non-Native Speakers

Abstract

This paper discusses students’ perceptions of an asynchronous electronic discussion assignment implemented shortly after the technology had been introduced to the university. In addition to the weekly face-to-face class meetings, students in two graduate level teacher training courses were assigned to small groups for an entire semester and made weekly contributions to their group’s course web discussion forum in which they discussed course content. Students were to make explicit references to course readings and postings by their group members. The instructor evaluated students' postings on a weekly basis. At the end of the course, students completed a survey assessing their satisfaction and asking for their suggestions for modification of the particular assignment type and format. For all students, the extension of course-related discussions outside the regular face-to-face class meetings offered benefits in the form of greater social interaction with other class members; for the non-native speakers among the students, the asynchronous discussions facilitated assimilation of course content, but it was not perceived as providing additional language practice. For all students, the two main issues perceived as negative related to their perceptions of forced, unnatural interaction promoted by the asynchronous discussions and lack of topic prompts, the requirement to make connections to prior postings, and the frequency of required contributions to discussions. Possible reasons for students’ perceptions are explored and suggestions for further research are provided.

References

Bannon, L., Issues in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. In: O’Malley, C. (Ed.), Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. New York: Springer-Verlag, 267-281, 1995.

Rovai, A.A., A Preliminary Look at the Structural Differences of Higher Education Classroom, Communities in Traditional ALN Courses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6 (2): 41-56, 2002.

Campos, M., Laferriere, T., and Harasim, L., The Post-Secondary Networked Classroom: Renewal of Teaching Practices and Social Interaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5 (2); 36-52, 2001.

Chong, S-M., Models of Asynchronous Computer Conferencing for Collaborative Learning in Large College Classes. In: Bonk, C. and King, K. (Eds.), Electronic Collaborators. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 157-182, 1998.

Parker, D. and Gemino, A., Inside Online Learning: Conceptual and Technique Learning Performance in Place-Based and ALN Formats. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 5 (2): 64-74, 2001.

Bonk, C. J. and King, K. (Eds.), Electronic Collaborators: Learner-Centered Technologies for Literacy, Apprenticeship, and Discourse. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998.

Crook, C., Computers and the Collaborative Experience of Learning. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Joy, E.H. and Garcia, F.E., Measuring Learning Effectiveness: A New Look at No- Significant-Difference Findings. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (1); 33-39, 2000. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v4n1/v4n1_joygarcia.asp

Buzzard, J., MacLeod, L., and DeWitt, C.W., Enhancing Student Learning Through Electronic Communication, 1997. http://www.mtsu.edu/~itconf/proceed97/buzzard.html

Collins, M. and Berge, Z., Facilitating Interaction in Computer Mediated Online Courses. Paper presented at the FSU/AECT Distance Education Conference. Tallahassee, FL, June 1996.

Higher Education Research Institute, An Overview of the 1998-99 Faculty Norms. UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, 1999. http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/fac_po.html .

Kahmi-Stein, L., Looking to the Future of TESOL Teacher Education: Web-Based Bulletin Board Discussions in a Methods Course. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (3): 423-455, 2000.

Lamy, M-N. and Goodfellow, R., Reflective Conversation in the Virtual Classroom. Language Learning & Technology 2 (2): 43-61, 1999.

Rossman, M.H., Successful Online Teaching Using an Asynchronous Learner Discussion Forum. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 3 (2): 1-8, 1999. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v3n2/v3n2_rossman.asp

Wegner, S.B., Holloway, K.C., and Garton, E.M., The Effects of Internet Based Instruction on Student Learning. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 3 (2): 98-106, 1999. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v3n2/v3n2_wegner.asp

Aviv, R., Educational Performance of ALN Via Content Analysis. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (2), 2000. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v4n2/v4n2_aviv.asp

Jonassen, D.H., Technology as Cognitive Tools: Learners as Designers. IT Forum Paper #1, 1994. http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/paper1/paper1.html .

Scarce, R., Using Electronic Mail Discussion Groups to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills, July 1997. http://ts.mivu.org/default.asp?show+article&id=526 .

Shapley, P., On-Line Education to Develop Complex Reasoning Skills on Organic Chemistry. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (2), 2000.

Weasenforth, D., Meloni, C., and Biesenbach-Lucas, S., Impact of Asynchronous Electronic Discussions on Native and Non-Native Students’ Critical Thinking. In Proceedings of Learning on Line 2000: Reassessing the Virtual University. Roanoke, VA: Virginia Tech, 2000. http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/lol2/papers/Beisenbach.pdf .

Bennett, L. and Pye, J., Technology: Creating a Community of Thinkers. In: Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Presentations at the 20th National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), 1999.

Curtis, D.D. and Lawson, M.J., Exploring Collaborative Online Learning. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5 (1): 21-34, 2001. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v5n1/v5n1_curtis.asp

Hettinger, G., Raising the Level of the Debate: The Effects of Computer-Mediated Communication on Group Dynamics and Critical Thinking Skills. In: Proceedings of the 1995 Annual National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), Anaheim, CA, 1995.

Kelly, J., Effective Reflection: Using Computer Conferencing as the Writing Component of a Service Learning Course. Paper presented at The 48th Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. Phoenix, AZ, 1997.

MacKinlay, K., Planning to Use Email to Support the Learning Process? 1999. http://www.edfac.unimelb.edu.au/online-ed/mailouts/1999/Sept6.html

O’Brien, S.R., The Medium Facilitates the Messages: Electronic Discourse and Literature Class Dynamics. Computers and Composition, 11 (1): 79-86, 1994.

Walther, J.B., Anticipated Ongoing Interaction Versus Channel Effects on Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction. Human Communication Research, 20 (4): 473-501, 1994.

Weasenforth, D., Biesenbach-Lucas, S, and Meloni, C., Realizing Constructivist Objectives Through Collaborative Technologies: Threaded Discussions. Language Learning & Technology, Special Issue, 6 (3): 58-86, 2002.

Tait, A., Face-to-Face and at a Distance: The Mediation of Guidance and Counseling Through the New Technologies. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 27 (1): 113-122, 1999.

Johnson, D.W. and Johnson, R.T., Cooperation and the Use of Technology. In: Jonassen, D.H. (Ed.), Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1017-1044, 1996.

Kirkley, S. E., Savery, J. R., and Grabner-Hagen, M. M., Electronic Teaching: Extending Classroom Dialogue and Assistance Through E-Mail Communication. In Bonk, C. and King, K. (Eds.), Electronic Collaborators, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 209-232, 1998.

Weasenforth, D., Meloni, C., and Biesenbach-Lucas, S., Learner Autonomy and Course Management Software. In: Shelley, M. (Ed.), [title to be determined]. Multilingual Matters, forthcoming 2003.

Nunan, D., Second Language Teaching and Learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle, 1999.

Grabe, M. and Grabe C., Integrating Technology for Meaningful Learning. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Biesenbach-Lucas, S., Asynchronous Web Discussions in Teacher Training Courses: Promoting Collaborative Learning – or Not? Educational Technology Review, forthcoming 2003.

Warschauer, M., Computer-Mediated Collaborative Learning: Theory and Practice. Research Note #17. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, 1996.

O’Malley, C., Designing Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. In: O’Malley, C. (Ed.), Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. New York: Springer-Verlag, 283-297, 1995.

Scheurman, G., Using Principles of Constructivism to Promote Reflective Judgment: A Model Lesson. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 8 (2): 63-86, 1997.

Berge, Z., Changing Roles of Teachers and Learners Are Transforming the Online Classroom, 1998. http://www.edfac.unimelb.edu.au/online-ed/mailouts/1998/aug30.html.

Benbunan-Fich, R. and Hiltz, S.R., Impacts of Asynchronous Learning Networks on Individual and Group Problem Solving: A Field Experiment. Group Decision and Negotiation, 8: 409-426, 1999.

Harasim, L., Collaborating in Cyberspace: Using Computer Conferences as a Group Learning Environment. Interactive Learning Environments, 3: 119-130, 1993.

Stepp-Greany, J., Student Perceptions on Language Learning in a Technological Environment: Implications for the New Millennium. Language Learning and Technology, 6 (1): 165-180, 2002.

Hiltz, S.R., Coppola, N., Rotter, N., Turoff, M., and Benbunan-Fich, R., Measuring the Importance of Collaborative Learning for the Effectiveness of ALN: A Multi-Measure, Multi-Method Approach. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (2), 2000. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v4n2/v4n2_hiltz.asp

Greenlaw, S.A. & DeLoach, S.B., Teaching Critical Thinking with Electronic Discussion. Journal of Economic Education, forthcoming 2003.

Müller-Hartmann, A., The Role of Tasks in Promoting Intercultural Learning in Electronic Learning Networks. Language Learning and Technology, 4 (2): 129-147, 2000.

Graham, M., Scarborough, H., and Goodwin, C., Implementing Computer-Mediated Communication in an Undergraduate Course – A Practical Experience. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 3 (1): 1-15, 1999.

Wegerif, R., The Social Dimension of Asynchronous Learning Networks. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 2 (1): 34-49, 1998. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v2n1/v2n1_wegerif.asp

Picciano, A.G., Beyond Student Perceptions: Issues of Interaction, Presence, and Performance in an Online Course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6 (1): 21-40, 2002. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v6n1/v6n1_picciano.asp

Valenta, A., Therriault, D., Dieter, M., and Mrtek, R., Identifying Student Attitudes and Learning Styles in Distance Education. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5 (2), 111-127, 2001. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v5n2/v5n2_valenta.asp

Polichar, V.E. and Bagwell, C., Pedagogical Principles of Learning in the Online Environment. Syllabus, 52-56, May, 2000.

Ehrmann, S.C., Asking the Right Question: What Does Research Tell Us About Technology? And Higher Learning? 1997. http://www.learner.org/edtech/rscheval/rightquestion.html.

Sotillo, S.M., Discourse Functions and Syntactic Complexity in Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication. Language Learning & Technology, 4 (1): 82-119, 1999.

Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, D.R., and Archer, W., Assessing Teacher Presence in a Computer Conferencing Context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5 (2): 1-17, 2001.

Shaw, G.P. and Pieter, W., The Use of Asynchronous Learning Networks in Nutrition Education: Student Attitude, Experiences and Performance. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 4 (1): 40-51, 2000. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v4n1/v4n1_shawpieter.asp

Korenman, J. and Wyatt, N., Group Dynamics in an E-Mail Forum. In: Herring, S. (Ed.), Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social, and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 225-242, 1996.

Morrison, J.L., The Computer Conference: Adaptive Problem Solving within a Spontaneous Technological Framework. Educational Technology, 46-47, December 1992.

Drake, B., Yuthas, K., and Dillard, J.F., It’s Only Words – Impacts of Information Technology on Moral Dialogue. JBE, 23 (1): 41-59, 2000.

Sanaoui, R. and Lapkin, S. A Case Study of an FSL Senior Secondary Course Integrating Computer Networking. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 43 (3): 524-552, 1992.

Beaudin, B.P., Keeping Online Asynchronous Discussion on Topic. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 3 (2): 41-53, 1999. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v3n2/v3n2_beaudin.asp

Wang, X.C., Kanfer, A., Hinn, D.M., and Arvan, L., Stretching the Boundaries: Using ALN to Reach On-Campus Students During an Off-Campus Summer Session. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5 (1): 1-20, 2001. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v5n1/v5n1_arvan.asp

Ocker, R.J. and Yaverbaum, G.J., Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication Versus Face-to-Face Collaboration: Results on Student Learning, Quality, and Satisfaction. Group Decision and Negotiation, 8: 427-440, 1999.

Aiken, M.W., Advantages of Group Decision Support Systems. Interpersonal Computing & Technology, 1 (3), 1993. http://www.helsinki.fi/science/optek/1993/n3/aiken.txt .

Barreau, D., Eslinger, D., McGoff, K., and Tonnesen, C., Group Collaboration in the Virtual Classroom: An Evaluation of Collaborative Learning in the Virtual Classroom of CMSC 828S and the Technology That Supports It. Journal of Virtual Experience, 1993. http://www.hitl.washington.edu/research/knowledge_base/virtual-worlds/JOVE/index.html.

Hiltz, S.R., Impacts of College-Level Courses Via Asynchronous Learning Networks: Some Preliminary Results. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 1 (2); 1-19, 1997. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v1n2/v1n2_hiltz.asp

Bedell, J., Moore, M., and Sorensen-Nunez, G., Students’ Views of Their Learning: Bloom’s Taxonomy, and the Computer. Technology for Learning: Instructional Issues in ANER., Fullerton, CA: California State University, 1999.

Downloads

Published

2019-03-19

Issue

Section

Empirical Studies